An Essay on Drug Addiction Essay

KV62 is the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings (Egypt), which became famous for the wealth of treasure it contained.[1] The tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, underneath the remains of workmen’s huts built during the Ramesside Period; this explains why it was spared from the worst of the tomb depredations of that time. KV is an abbreviation for the Valley of the Kings, followed by a number to designate individual tombs in the Valley. The tomb was densely packed with items in great disarray. Carter was able to photograph garlands of flowers, which disintegrated when touched. Due to the state of the tomb, and to Carter’s meticulous recording technique, the tomb took eight years to empty, the contents all being transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Tutankhamun’s tomb had been entered at least twice, not long after he was buried and well before  Carter’s discovery. The outermost doors of the shrines enclosing the king’s nested coffins were left opened, and unsealed. It is estimated that 60% of the jewellery which had been stored in the â€Å"treasury† was removed as well. After one of these ancient robberies, embalming materials from KV62 are believed to have been buried at KV54. The pharaoh’s solid gold funerary mask was interred with him in KV62. In 1907, just before his discovery of the tomb of Horemheb, Theodore M. Davis’s team uncovered a small site containing funerary artifacts with Tutankhamen’s name. Assuming that this site, identified as KV54, was Tutankhamun’s complete tomb, Davis concluded the dig. The details of both findings are documented in Davis’s 1912 publication, The Tombs of Harmhabi and Touatà ¢nkhamanou; the book closes with the comment, â€Å"I fear that the Valley of the Kings is now exhausted.†[2] But Davis was to be proven spectacularly wrong. The British Egyptologist Howard Carter (employed by Lord Carnarvon) hired a crew to help him excavate at the site of KV62. Carter went back to a  line of huts that he had abandoned a few seasons earlier. When the first step was removed, they found a stone step. Carter’s foreman got Carter and told him about the step. Working carefully, they uncovered stairs. He sent a message to Carnarvon and in a week, Carnarvon came. He cleared the doorway and made his way down a passageway that had been cleared by robbers. It was then that Howard Carter made a hole in the door, struck a match, and after discovering that the air had oxygen inside, went in. The chamber that they found was bare, but Howard Carter was convinced that there must be a secret chamber. He searched the walls and found it; it was filled with all manner of treasures and statues. He had discovered Tutankhamun’s tomb (since designated KV62) in the Valley of the Kings on November 4, 1922, near the entrance to the tomb of Ramesses VI, thereby setting off a renewed interest in all things Egyptian in the modern world. Carter contacted his patron, and on November 26 that year, both men became the first people to enter Tutankhamun’s tomb in over 3000 years. After many weeks of careful excavation, on February 16, 1923, Carter opened the inner chamber and first saw the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun. All of this was conveyed to the public by H. V. Morton, the only journalist allowed on the scene. Investigation [edit] Howard Carter and associates opening the shrine doors in the burial chamber (1924 reconstruction of the 1923 event) The first step to the stairs was found on November 4, 1922.[3] The following day saw the exposure of a complete staircase. The end of November saw access to the antechamber and the discovery of the annex, and then the burial chamber and treasury. On November 29, the tomb was opened, and the first announcement and press conference followed the next day. The first item was removed from the tomb on December 27.[4] On February 16, 1923 the burial chamber was opened,[5] and on April 5 Lord Carnarvon died. On February 12, 1924, the granite lid of the sarcophagus was raised.[6] In April, Carter argued with the Antiquities Service, and left the excavation for the United States. In January 1925, Carter resumed activities in the tomb, and on October 13, he removed the cover of the first sarcophagus; on October 23, he removed the cover of the second sarcophagus; on October 28, the team removed the cover of the final sarcophagus and exposed the mummy; and on November 11, the  examination of the remains of Tutankhamun started. An alabaster jar found in the tomb, symbolizing the union ofLower and Upper Egypt. Work started in the treasury on October 24, 1926, and between October 30 and December 15, 1927, the annex was emptied and examined. On November 10, 1930, eight years after the discovery, the last objects were finally removed from the tomb of the long lost pharaoh. [7] Layout of tomb[edit] Plan of KV62. In design, the tomb appears to have originally been intended for a private individual, not for royalty.[8] There is some evidence to suggest that the tomb was adapted for a royal occupant during its excavation.[9] This may be supported by the fact that only the burial chamber walls were decorated, unlike royal tombs in which nearly all walls were painted with scenes from the Book of the Dead.[9] Isometric, plan and elevation images of KV62 taken from a 3d model Stereo drawing of tomb viewed from northwest. Staircase [edit] Starting from a small, level platform, 16 steps descend to the first doorway, which was sealed and plastered – although it had been penetrated by grave robbers at least twice in antiquity. Entrance corridor [edit] Beyond the first doorway, a descending corridor leads to the second sealed door, and into the room that Carter described as the Antechamber. This was used originally to hold material left over from the funeral and material associated with the embalming of the king. After the initial robberies, this material was either moved into the tomb proper, or to KV54. Antechamber [edit] The undecorated antechamber was found to be in a state of â€Å"organized chaos† and contained approximately 700 objects (articles 14 to 171 in the Carter catalogue) amongst which were three funeral beds, plates in shape of  hippopotamus (the Goddess Tawaret), of lion (or leopards) and cattle (the Goddess Hathor). Perhaps the most remarkable item in this room were the components, stacked, of four chariots of which one was probably used for hunting, one for â€Å"war† and another two for parades. Many of the 700 objects were made of gold. Burial chamber [edit] Cross-section of shrines and sarcophagi in KV62 Decoration [edit] This is the only decorated chamber in the tomb, with scenes from the Opening of the Mouth ritual (showing Ay, Tutankhamun’s successor acting as the king’s son, despite being older than he is) and Tutankhamun with the goddess Nut on the north wall, the first hour of Amduat (on the west wall), spell one of the Book of the Dead (on the east wall) and representations of the king with various deities (Anubis, Isis, Hathor and others now destroyed) on the south wall. The north wall shows Tutankhamen being followed by his Ka, being welcomed to the underworld by Osiris.[10] Some of the treasures in Tutankhamun’s tomb are noted for their apparent departure from traditional depictions of the boy king. Certain cartouches where a king’s name should appear have been altered, as if to reuse the property of a previous pharaoh—as often occurred. However, this instance may simply be the product of â€Å"updating† the artifacts to reflect the shift from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun. Other differences are less easy to explain, such as the older, more angular facial features of the middle coffin and canopic coffinettes. The most widely accepted theory for these latter variations is that the items were originally intended for Smenkhkare, who may or may not be the mysterious KV55 mummy. This mummy, according to craniological examinations, bears a striking first-order (father-to-son, brother-to-brother) relationship to Tutankhamun. [11] Contents [edit] The outer golden shrine, now on display in the Cairo Museum Tutankhamun’s wooden chest The entire chamber was occupied by four gilded wooden shrines which surrounded the king’s sarcophagus. The outer shrine ([1] in the cross-section) measured 5.08 x 3.28 x 2.75 m and 32 mm thick, almost  entirely filling the room, with only 60 cm at either end and less than 30 cm on the sides. Outside of the shrines were 11 paddles for the â€Å"solar boat†, containers for scents, and lamps decorated with images of the GodHapi[disambiguation needed]. The fourth and last shrine ([4]) was 2.90 m long and 1.48 m wide. The wall decorations depict the king’s funeral procession, and Nut was painted on the ceiling, â€Å"embracing† the sarcophagus with her wings. This sarcophagus was constructed in granite ([a] in the cross-section). Each corner of the main body and lid were carved from stone of different colours. It appears to have been constructed for another owner, but then recarved for Tutankhamen; the identity of the original owner is not preserved.[10] In each corner a protective goddess (Isis, Nephthys, Serket and Neith) guards the body. Inside, the king’s body was placed within three mummiform coffins, the outer two made of gilded wood while the innermost was composed of 110.4 kg of pure gold.[12] The mummy itself was adorned with a gold mask, mummy bands and other funerary items. The funerary mask is made of gold, inlaid with lapis lazuli, carnelian, quartz, obsidian, turquoise and glass and faience, and weighs 11 kg.[13] Treasury [edit] The treasury was the burial chamber’s only side-room and was accessible by an unblocked doorway. It contained over 5,000 catalogued objects, most of them funerary and ritual in nature. The two largest objects found in this room were the king’s elaborate canopic chest and a large statue of Anubis. Other items included numerous shrines containing gilded statuettes of the king and deities, model boats and two more chariots. This room also held two mummies of fetuses that some considers to have been stillborn offspring of the king.[14] Annex [edit] The â€Å"annex†, originally used to store oils, ointments, scents, foods and wine, was the last room to be cleared, from the end of October 1927 to the spring of 1928. Although quite small in size, it contained approximately 280 groups of objects, totaling more than 2,000 individual pieces. Present day [edit] As of 2007, the tomb was open for visitors, at an additional charge above  that of the price of general access to the Valley of the Kings. The number of visitors was limited to 400 per day in 2008.[15] However, since 2010 the tomb has been closed to the public. Restoration work is being undertaken by the Getty Conservation Institute over a span of five years;[16] the future of the tomb’s availability to the public is unknown at this point. Tourists visiting[who?] in 2012 report that the tomb has indeed been reopened, but the additional fee to enter it remains.[citation needed] The tomb is expected to be definitively closed to public in 2013, but a reproduction will be placed nearby at the Valley of the Kings and will be available to the public.[17]

Purity of Aspirin by Spectrophotometry Essay

The mass of acetylsalicylic acid was determined using a analytical balance. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added to the acetylsalicylic acid and heated in order to hydrolyze acetylsalicylic acid. Iron chloride was added to each volumetric flask as the purity of the aspirin can be tested by addition of Fe+3 to a suspension of the product. Phenols such as salicylic acid react with iron chloride to form coloured (violet) complexes Aspirin easily absorbs green light and green is the compliment of violet, which allows a determination of the amount of aspirin present. The percentage purity of aspirin was found to be 90. 62%. Aspirin tablets (about 5-grams) are usually compounded of about 0. 32 g of acetylsalicylic acid, which indicates that aspirin should be about 94% pure. The calculated value for aspirin content was close to the true value and indicates that aspirin sample tested was very pure. .Introduction Aspirin is a member of a family of chemicals called salicylates. This chemical can be converted (changed) by the body after it is eaten to another chemical, salicylic acid. Salicylic acid may be irritating because it is an acid; therefore one of the acidic parts was covered up with an acetyl group, converting it to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). ASA not only could reduce fever and relieve pain and swelling, but better for the stomach and worked even better than salicylic acid. Salicylic acid produces a salicylate dianion, when dissolved in water, which reacts with an acidic solution Fe (NO3)3(aq), to produce a strong violet tetraaquosalicylatroiron (III) complex. The violet color of the complex results from the fact that the complex strongly absorbs green light. When this green is removed from normal white light, we observe violet (therefore, green is the compliment of violet). This absorption of green light can be used to quantitatively determine the amount of aspirin present in the solution. The more green light that is absorbed, the more violet the solution, and hence, the more salicylate is present. If green light is directed into a solution that contains this aspirin complex, some of the green light will be absorbed. The intensity of the green light leaving the sample, I, is less than the original intensity of the green light, I0. We can talk about the fraction of light that was transmitted through the sample, transmittance (T); or we can talk about the amount of light that was absorbed by the sample, absorbance (A). Transmittance is inversely proportional to absorbance: the more light that passes through the sample, the higher the transmittance and the lower the absorbance; conversely, the less light that passes through the sample, the lower the transmittance and the higher the absorbance. Several standard solutions of the salicylate complex are prepared. The absorbance of each standard solution is measured at the wavelength of maximum absorption of green light (530 nanometer) using a spectrophotometer. A graph of these absorbance values versus the concentration of each of the standards should yield a straight line. This relationship is known as Beers’ Law: A = a b c A is the absorbance of the solution, a, is the molar absorptivity (a constant for this complex), b is the path length of cuvette (in cm), and c is the molar concentration of the solution being measured. The absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of that solution. Therefore, the molar concentration, c, of a solution can be determined by simply measuring the absorbance, A, of that solution. Since we are actually measuring the absorbance of the complex, the stoichiometry of the reaction producing the complex is 1:1. So, if we know the concentration of the complex, we know the concentration of the aspirin. The concentration, the amount of acetylsalicylic acid and purity of aspirin sample will be determined by using Beer’s Law plot. The concentration and absorbance of sodium salicylate will be found, thus being able to find the percentage purity of aspirin.

Airplane Accidents in the Media

This paper examines the amount of airplane accidents that get covered in the media versus the number of the airplane accidents that actually happen. The following paper examines how the news media has been changed from a brave, controversy-seeking faction to a community of self-censoring, congress-fearing puppets of whom the politically powerful are the puppeteers. The writer argues that the media is not the same establishment that once looked for the extra, but it is merely a reserved, timid society, a society that has ignored its once unquenchable thirst for the truth in order to satisfy its hunger for the more material things, money and power. It is a calm, cold morning in Maine and the news is blaring in one household. The family hears that there has been another violent plane crash. Little Jimmy is quaking in his shoes, because he knows that the story will be covered constantly for most of the week, if not longer. Violent images will be shown on the television that his parents bought for Jimmys favorite educational television shows. Jimmy decides to change the channel, but almost all of the channels are covering the same information about the plane crash. Then, an image of a man who died in the crash appears on television. Little Jimmy bursts into tears. Jimmy grows up to detest the news, and to hate plane crashes. Why must the news cover tragedies so extensively?

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example 1. Analysis of Allegory and Symbolism Allegory and symbolism in the naming of characters The forest and the Devil 2. Faust myth, Puritanism and the American culture Christian symbolism Salvation and fulfillment of temptation 3. The role of the unconscious mind as a key aspect of the narrative 4. The meaning behind Goodman Brown’s journey into the forest The spiritual state of mankind Conflict between church and state The battle between evil and good 5. The allegorical representation of Faith Faith as a fictional character Pink ribbons 6. Conclusion The tale that has been narrated in Young Goodman Brown is a representation of a plethora of emotions, understandings and feelings that individuals confront in their quest of life. However, this characteristic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s narrative is only observable from a broader perspective because the centre of the story focuses on a notion that dictates the actions of the characters and especially those of the protagonist, Go odman Brown. As stated by Ellis Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work â€Å"is the classic American short story of a guilty conscience† (2). ... Indeed, the naming of Goodman Brown’s better half as Faith is not a coincidence or happenstance; in fact this decision of Hawthorne’s is one of the many evidences which point towards the writer’s desire to lace his narrative with Christian symbolism. Zhu identifies the naming of characters as an example of the use of allegorical devices, a comprehension of which can aid readers in comprehending the narrative and what the writer intends to project through the journey of his protagonist into the forest (58). The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of Christian symbolism, allegory, imagery and representations of faith in Young Goodman Brown by exploring and addressing a range of questions to enhance the scope of the discussion. Furthermore, other aspects of the narrative that are analyzed in the paper involve an interpretation of dialogues to develop a conceptual understanding of their meaning and their critical role in the development of the story. Acc ording to Zhu, the first vivid representation of the use of allegorical devices is evident in the naming of the characters, for the writer the protagonist’s name appears to represent a striking contrast where â€Å"Young† is essentially indicative of the character’s innocence and inexperience while, â€Å"Brown† defines his attraction to the somber and ominous forest which is the key setting of Hawthorne’s short story (58). As stated previously, it is the name of the protagonist’s wife which comes across as striking and intriguing when used within the context of the story and what it fundamentally represents. Zhu comments on Goodman Brown’s exclamation of the words â€Å"My Faith is gone!†when he

Business research literary review on action research Essay

Business research literary review on action research - Essay Example The sequence of steps includes â€Å"once scenario is studied: a corrective plan is determined, planned and implemented; results of the action are observed and recorded; and the action is assess as effective or not† (Cooper & Schlinder, 2011). This literature review will take a journey through the foundations of action research, cases using action research and opportunities opened because of action research. Foundations of Action Research: Stephens, J., Barton, J., & Haslett, T. (2009). Action Research: Its History and Relationship to Scientific Methodology. Systemic Practice & Action Research, 22(6), 463-474. doi:10.1007/s11213-009-9147-7 As it has been discussed briefly in the introduction, action research is a method of research that seeks to address practical problems. In such a way, it oftentimes deviates from the standard approach in which the scientific method seeks to identify an issue, theorize with regards to a solution, and/or measure whether or not such a theory is relevant and pertinent. Ultimately, this key level of deviation is one of the core compliments of why action research came to be born out of the already working processes of the scientific method. Stevens et al. ... The authors indicate that these drawbacks are concentric around whether or not the idea is more driven from the researcher’s agenda or more driven from the participants; whether or not individuals are motivated by an instrumental goal of whether or not a narrow level of focus skews the research results with regards to applying it to a larger test group or situation. Naturally, this is not to say that action research is inherently flawed; rather, it merely denotes the fact that it holds a level of benefit as well as a level of difficulties as compared to traditional scientific methodological research. Boog, B. M. (2003). The emancipatory character of action research, its history and the present state of the art. Journal Of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13(6), 426-438. Many researchers have underscored the fact that from the very beginning action research has been intended to be an emancipatory style. Compared to traditional scientific methodological research, action re search is something of a free-form and evolutionary style that allows participants to engage in a double-sided process of research. Moreover, due to the fact that the relationship between the researcher and the subjects is so critical with regards to developing a key level of inference and/or determinacy, Boog (2003) notes that the evolving character of action research demands a high level of emphasis be placed upon the approach with which the researcher engages the participants. Although Boog argues that this is not a new construct of action research, he also denotes the fact that without a type of constraining influence, the evolutionary history that has thus far been exhibited with regards to action research will ultimately transform it into an unrecognizable entity. As a direct

Enterpuener company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enterpuener company - Essay Example This is one of the rare companies, which have had the courage to explore the virgin territory of natural gas in the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Barett decided to meet me in an old coffee shop at the corner of the road and allotted me an hour to complete my task. 2) The company operates in the Rocky Mountains, one of the most endowed places in the U.S., which abounds in natural gas. The company did not restrict itself only in the field of natural gas and has ventured into refining oil too. Two reasons had resulted in success of the company: Firstly, strategic location of the points, where it had set up its drilling inventory, has been propelling growth. The company strongly believes that these points have huge reserves and will result in generation of revenues. Bill Barrett Corporation has spread its operation over five major basins of Rocky and Mr. Barrett proudly informs that the company has proved its mettle and emerged as a dominant player in most areas it operates in and is also the largest, in terms of coverage area, he added. The company is particularly interesting because it maintains a strong balance between developmental and exploration projects. 3) Mr. Barrett informed that when the company was first set up, the main objective of was to establish it as an exploration company in a true sense, so as to tap natural resources of the Rocky and emerge as one of the dominant players among the Rockies E&P company. After more than ten years of operation, the company has gone from strength to strength to establish itself as one of the most significant players in its genre. The claims made by Mr. Barett are backed by the current evidences, like, proved reserves of 197 MMBoe, including 88% growths in proved reserves at three active oil programs. The financial performance of the company is quite robust as the figures indicate. For instance, total debt of the company has reduced by $189 million from 2012, in 2013

Limited companies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limited companies - Assignment Example This type of company can be formed as partnership and there have to be a contract relationship amid the members as well as firm. However, there is no limit of maximum members in a limited liability company. This type of contract is considered as an agreement for a company and this agreement can be in the form of oral as well as in the form of written. This type of company can be managed by one or two members along with all the members of the firm. The person who manages the company to attain the goals is known as manager. In this form of company the manager can be one or more but it is not necessary that the manager should be a member of the limited company. This type of company helps the business tycoon to save their money as well as reduce the individual risk (Callison & Vestal 2010 280-285). The members of this company are flexible to do their internal work. It is witnessed that minimum of two members are required to establish this company. Limited Liability Company can be managed by its managers as well as members. The Limited Liability Company has all of the features for partnership as well as organization and this feature gives the chance to invest in a project. This company is a separate legal unit and works for a profit motive (Conaway 2012 pp. 32-35). The Limited Liability Company has number of advantages as well as disadvantages. The several advantages of this company include the liability of members is limited. Another advantage of the company is that in case of bankruptcy the obligation of the company is to pay back the debts to the debtors. This company is a separate as well as a different legal unit. This company is separate from its owners as well as members who are involved in it and this can be considered as an advantage. Tax advantage is another benefit for this company wherein the owner of business firm can reduce their individual risk (Muchlinski

Modern management techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern management techniques - Essay Example Construction as a process consists of a wide range of activities including building and infrastructure assembling. Examples of activities in the construction industry include residential construction, bridge erection, roadway paving, large-scale painting jobs, and demolitions. Management of the construction industry comprises of project manager, the project manager ensures that there is smooth operation in the industry. Construction manager and design engineer, who assumes the role of a supervisor, assist the manager. Construction, however, is a hazardous involvement and construction workers are, thus, exposed to hazards while delivering their services. These hazards include unguarded machinery, electrocutions, falling from rooftops, and sustaining injuries from construction equipments. Employers and workers need to work towards reducing these hazards. In order to achieve this, the identification, reduction, and hazard elimination are essential. Management, therefore, should work tow ards reducing these hazards, and failure to accomplish will lead to failure to accomplish organizational goals and objectives as described by Emre (2007, p.200). Effective and successful execution of activities industry achieved by putting in place effective planning, budgeting, scheduling, and ensuring safety in the construction site. ... Technological changes in the modern society have profoundly affected construction industry with its structure and the undertaking of its daily operations. Management of the industry should ensure that it adapts to modern managerial techniques and procedures in execution, planning, and design processes. Construction process in the modern industrialized world has led to translating of constructions designs into practice; while adapting to the modern trends in its design. Integration of advanced specialists has been successful in the modern world, especially in the construction industry (Deakin, 2002, p.120). Presently, the construction specialists like engineers, construction managers, designers and developers, who initially used to be in separate companies, have now been united in one company. This has seen construction process accomplish its duties in the most effective way, since all the specialists involved from start to the end of the project. Planning and execution have been easi ng, and performance specification achieved. Construction industries have played a significant role in contribution of the country’s economic growth. The industry is significant in offering of employment opportunities to the majority of the population, specialists and other workers have been able to earn a living, thus, leading a successful life just for working in these industries. Construction has also had significant contribution into Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. Being one of the significant indicators of economic growth of a country, GDP has increased because of contributions of the construction industry. GDP is a tool used

What A Star-What a Jerk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What A Star-What a Jerk - Essay Example Usually, behavior problems involve violations of policies or work rules (Fallon, & McConnell, 2014). However, the noble thing Jane needs to do is to show that she has the authority and let Andy know what is acceptable and what is not. I once encountered an employee behaving like an Andy when I was a manager of a retail store comprised of several other employees. There was this one individual who thought that she could do as she pleased on my shift. She did her job well and treated other employees and customers with respect. The only problem I had with her was the way she communicated with me. I managed to handle this situation in a professional manner and from that experience, the behaviour of this individual significantly improved and she began to observe and respect the company policy towards management. Some form of behaviour simply needs to be corrected without necessarily taking disciplinary action against the individual employee behaving like an

The Opposite Sex Essay Example for Free

The Opposite Sex Essay In the modern era, males may become unfair in giving out comments to females for their actions, while women may also become bias in their judgment to men. It’s funny sometimes how our judgment fails us. Our ability to see into things depreciates into lesser chunks of stupidity. We end up being stubborn, just so we could be inconsistent. We blindly will our way to rash verdicts and absurdities. Now that things are little hazy, clarifications are expected more than anything else. Yet the most that could clarify this issue is the essay â€Å"Opposite Sex† by Seven Dorloff. The characters from the essay were students who were given the chance to write down their experiences if they were to alienate themselves from their own identity and act as their opposite sex for one day. Various reactions came out. Some were excited about it, while others were pacified. The author entitled his students the chance to become their opposite sex. Likewise, he gave his class the option to make his/her wise preference as to what gender they most likely wanted to become after a one-day experience of becoming their opposite sex. The essay also showed a comparison of gender. But it does not suggest discrimination between the two because no one suffered ridicule why they were experiencing to become their opposite sex. He did not limit the options available to his students like someone who may prefer to have a different gender than his/her usual (Gumisai Mutume). He neither curtailed the democratic rights to write and to choose by decreasing the availability of the options. But the author did not intend to drastically modify his students’ tastes. In the same way that a person with a different orientation must not be treated any different from person with other orientation just because we think they’re different. No matter how they stand out in their choice of orientation, in fashion sense and in whatever means of comparison; still they are not any different from us. True enough, having born as their gender, they will always be the gender they were initially. If they will defy their gender, they will run the risk of losing their identity because they will be ostracized and casted away from their community. They enjoy a degree of freedom in their gender adherence but they can’t completely detach and get away from their original gender. Let’s understand that being a different gender is another category; it’s another quality that needs separate space. It’s not being indifferent; it’s being a manifestation of who you really are and who you wanted to become (Julie Mullins). Being a different gender however does not mean that the person you have been before is unlikeable, it’s being enjoying what life can possibly offer. Since, the students were given the chance to become their opposite sex; they took the opportunity despite the fact that they can only become males / females through pen. Lastly, the author was able to explain that no matter how different your gender is, you can still live in a world without minding critics. If we don’t mind our genders, that would do us more good. It’s respect that we all need. Its respect that we claim generously, it’s respect we give grudgingly. Work Cited Mullins, Julie. â€Å"Gender Discrimination.† 2008. Children In Need, Inc. 15 September 2008 http://www.childreninneed.org/magazine/gender.html#Anchor-Girls-35882 â€Å"Gender Equality.† 31 March 2008. Canadian International Development Agency. 15 September 2008 http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/acdicida.nsf/En/REN-218125542-Q37

Evolving Museum And Visitor Experiences Cultural Studies Essay

Evolving Museum And Visitor Experiences Cultural Studies Essay For over a century the museum has been the most celebrated and respected venue for viewing original works of art, however the design and visitor experience of the museum has evolved extensively throughout history. This chapter investigates how the traditional museum has evolved and how the collaborative approach towards the design and internal arrangement of modern art museums affects the spatial experience of the visitor. Duncan and Wallach in (see Carbonell 2004, p.52) state that, Museums belong to the same architectural and art-historical category as temples, churches, shrines and certain types of palaces. Originally, museum architecture shared characteristics with traditional ceremonial buildings to make visible the idea of state within its context (see Carbonell 2004, p.52). Museums were originally built to house collections of objects which are were of scientific, artistic, or historical importance and make them available for public viewing through exhibits that were permanent. This meant that the spaces and collections were fixed and objects were located deliberately to provide a specific spatial experience for each user. However, according to Bordieu and Darbel in the work of Duncan and Wallach (see Carbonell 2004, p.53), Individuals respond in different ways according to their education, culture and class. It is therefore debateable to say that due to the personal background of each user, they may experience a space differently to how a curator, architect or the artist desires. The journey that a visitor experiences through any museum is usually described in terms of aesthetic contemplation and Duncan and Wallach (see Carbonell 2004, p.51) state that this can be affected by the ensemble of art, the architecture and installations, which are contributing factors to the overall spatial experience of the modern art museum. These factors can be altered regularly to affect a user emotionally, visually or physically and are determined by the curators, the artists and the architects, to provide multiple experiences within one space. Todays society is embracing new museums that provide a wealth of subjects, particularly ones that cater for viewers of the popular trend that is contemporary art. The contemporary art museum is considered a fairly modern  category of museum. Also referred to as an art gallery or centre, art museums provide space(s) for the temporary exhibition of art. It is thought that the content of the contemporary art museum primarily consists of installations, including objects  which are of a sculptural nature, paintings, digital art, fine art, and video art. To design a modern art museum in the present century has become a popular challenge that is sought after by most architects and artists. Collaborative approaches towards museum design and layout have been encouraged as it is believed to enhance the users experience on a great scale, by providing them with a better aesthetic and social experience throughout their visit. The users experience can also provide them with lasting memories about the beliefs and values that museums hope to communicate. Contemporary art museums are essentially temporary exhibition spaces, in comparison with traditional museum buildings that house permanent collections. The actual design of the contemporary museum no longer has the traditional architectural values that a museum had in twentieth century for example. The white cube effect has become a popular idea for museums within the 21st century with some artists and architects believing that the focus of a museum should be the art and not the architecture. However an ironic example of this is the Leytonstone Centre for Contemporary Art, launched in 2001 by British artist Bob Smith. Leytonstone is a London suburb which houses no significant arts venues. This space could be viewed as an artwork or as an art centre, as it primarily a single exhibition space at the end of the artists garden. The artist demonstrates that the white cube can be removed from the gallery or museum and reappear in a totally different context. By doing this he has dissolved the boundary between art and architecture as people may be confused as to what this space is: art or institution. Temporary exhibition spaces raise the question; Does the modern art museum provide multiple spatial experience each time a new exhibition is displayed within it? From the 11th June to the 2nd November 2009, The Architecture Foundation provided a series of dialogues in which artists, architects and critics investigated into how collaborative and artistic approaches can change the practice and products of architecture. This series, called Architecture + Art: Crossover and Collaboration, included a dialogue between Adam Caruso and Thomas Demand, chaired by Alex Farquharson, the Director of Nottingham Contemporary. During the dialogue, Caruso argues that a good exhibition shows artists work in relation to other work and how this creates the spatial experience of the exhibition: A lot of exhibitions nowadays dont sufficiently recognise that the point of an exhibition opposed to a catalogue, is that what physically experiences it, is actually the choice of the work and the configuration of the work in a gallery is a specific and unique event and its there and then its gone. (Tate Channel, 2009 2/11/2009, 7.00pm @ 34.08mins-35.04mins)(NOT SURE HOW TO REFERENCE THIS VIDEO?) By saying this, he is implying that contemporary art exhibitions are intended to provide multiple unique spatial experiences for users and therefore when exhibitions have been and gone, a new spatial experience can be achieved within the same space. Todays contemporary art museums have very few artefacts within them in comparison to the traditional museum. This significantly changes the traditional spatial experience, as the focus of the user is on the few items that are displayed within the museum and the often large spaces that have been dedicated to them, unlike a traditional museum where hundreds of items are displayed with no link to context. During the dialogue (2/11/2009, 7.00pm), Farquharson, states that one problem in recent years within art galleries has been that they are too large for art and that the majority or artists are not interested in exhibiting there. Thomas Demand has had many major solo exhibitions at many of the worlds leading modern contemporary art instituti ons and he agrees with this remark by saying that when he looks to exhibit within a building, he inquires into what type of art work architects intend to provide their space for. Demand (Tate Channel 2009 2/11/2009, 7.00pm?) argues, At some point you want to reshuffle things and you want to make more shows downstairsis that possible or not? Some museums only employ selected artists to exhibit within their spaces for various reasons. These could be that they want art work to coincide with the internal spaces and architecture, or that they want to challenge the artwork through architecture, or visa-versa. As an artist, Demand wants art museums to offer flexible opportunities within their spatial layouts for exhibitions of his work. By saying this, he may be implying that he wants his artwork to offer multiple spatial experiences within one building and if the museum architecture does not have this capability, the creative exchange between the art and the architecture is not beneficial for the user as they are not receiving the best out of an art exhibition or the space. Interactive exhibits within contemporary museums have become popular in the 21st century, which give the public the opportunity to make choices and engage in activities which may vary the spatial experience from person to person; particularly content that includes architectural installations as art. With the opening of 21st century building styles, Victoria Newhouse argues: Art as an entertainment is contested by many together with the related trend toward ever more spectacular museum architecture. While the latter suits some art, it does not suit all art, and in todays wide variety of museums there is often a lack of harmony between container and contents. The need to coordinate this relationship is all too often ignored by those commissioning new museums (Newhouse 2005, p.215) Newhouse thinks that the link between museum architecture and its content is fading, indicating that the collection is less significant than the architecture. In previous eras the interiors and architecture of the museum were related to its content. If Newhouse is correct, the lack of connection to architecture can affect the spatial experience and the focus of the museum becomes the architecture or the art. If there is no creative exchange between both disciplines, it could be said that the spatial experience will not benefit the user as the contributing factors to the overall spatial experience will not be linked. Collaboration within previous architectural styles The Renaissance was a time that saw integration between painting, sculpture and architecture. The oldest public museums in the world opened in  Rome  during this period. However, many significant museums in the world were not founded until the 18th century and the  Age of Enlightenment. Walter Gropius initiated a school in 1919 called the Bauhaus when he combined two existing institutions: the Academy of Fine Art and the School of Arts and Crafts. The Bauhaus was an attempt to create a new style appropriate for the machine age, whilst achieving integration between disciplines. The Bauhaus attitude (Toy 1997, p. 26) believed that: The new building of the future, will embrace architecture, sculpture and painting in one unity. The Bauhaus was seen to offer a modern vision towards design and education; this attitude demonstrated an objective language set out to relieve design of subjective ideas from the previous century. Like the Bauhaus, the Modern Movement insisted there would be no more architectural styles and introduced architecture as a problem solving activity. The problem solving process encouraged the architect to find the perfect functional solution, given any set of technical, economic or social conditions. This method became a defensive mechanism within architecture, designed to keep others out of the building process. Late Modernism in the 1960s however, led to a rebellion towards reason; this process involved dishonouring previous rules for design by using curved forms. Frank Lloyd Wrights Guggenheim Museum in New York was seen as an example of this subjective reaction. The Percent for Art scheme which was introduced in 1990, which capitalised on the growing public art movement in this country, had an intention to extend the opportunities within architecture and public sites for artists through collaboration with architects. This implied the general thought that artists should to be more involved within public building projects from the beginning of the building process. Since then, there has been an increase within collaborative projects for buildings, public spaces and gallery installations. During the 20th century architects tended to work closely with engineers on architectural projects, these relationships were formed to solve spatial problems with a functional response towards design. These relationships had the underlying issue that some architects refused to develop a self-directed aesthetic communication. This meant that architects held back on their subjective design approach and therefore created architecture based on functional and technical reasoning. This process consequently affected architects subjective judgment and their creativity. As a result, the idea of working with an artist became appealing to architects..

Key Industry Trends regarding H & R Block :: essays research papers

Key Industry Trends Economics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors of the economy help to indicate certain trends in the tax industry. The Gross Domestic Product has been calculated at an increase of 3.9% the first quarter of 2004. Consumer spending has also increased .4% from the last year. Both of these statistics may indicate an upward trend in the nation’s economy. A consumer may have more disposable income therefore, they may be more apt to spend their extra money on a tax preparation service. This would reveal a positive effect for H&R Block. The unemployment rate has increased nationally while the employment rate is decreasing. This may result in a decrease of the amount of tax returns that H&R Block files annually, due to the amount of taxpayers that have become unemployed. Either these people may have no taxes to file due to their job loss, or they may not have the extra money to pay for a tax preparation service. If a person is out of work then they may have the extra time to file their taxes in thei r own time. Demographics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many trends in national population characteristics that indicate both opportunities and threats to H&R Block. The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that the U.S. will experience a large increase of the Hispanic, Asian, and many other ethnic populations. This will create a large demand for employees that are at least bi-lingual. H&R Block also has an opportunity to open temporary offices in parts of the country that would benefit consumers requiring an employee to speak their native language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.S. Census Bureau has also indicated an increase in the percentage of the nation’s population that is college educated. This may pose a threat to the tax preparation industry. A person that has received at least a 4-year college degree may obtain the knowledge to prepare their own taxes, thus eliminating their demand for a tax preparation service. On the other hand, their college education may indicate an ability to earn a better income, so they would require the services of an organization like H&R Block.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the baby boomers now entering their fifties, birthrates indicate fewer births and more deaths among the population. This would obviously result in less people needing to file taxes, therefore less demand for a tax preparation service. It is important for an organization to analyze the appropriate economic factors and respond with the correct actions so that they may maintain a competitive advantage within their industry.

Hamlets Humanness :: essays research papers

Sometimes the only way to describe something is to give their antithesis or archetype. We already learned from Polonius’s tautologous description of Hamlet’s antic behavior how not to define. He says, â€Å"Your noble son is mad./Mad I call I it, for to define true madness,/What is’t but to be nothing else but mad?† (II, ii). Although Shakespeare’s description on being human takes a whole play, he does a little better than Polonius. Shakespeare displays the sometimes murky relationship between God and man by showing God and Hamlet’s plans adjacent to each other. This relationship is put in real life terms for the audience to see. The Tragedy of Hamlet reveals what it is to be human is to not be God, to not be God is to not be perfect, and not to be perfect is to be flawed. Shakespeare even goes so far as to illustrate how humans should act using a conscience in light of their flaws. These flaws arise in Hamlet’s deviation from God’s plan as brought to light by the Ghost. Whether or not those flaws are forgiven is a different question; a question we should not answer. In fact, this is where Hamlet goes wrong with God’s message from the ghost, [proved as being a â€Å"spirit of health† not â€Å"goblin damned† (I, iv), by Claudius’s reaction to the play that shall prick his conscience, â€Å"Lights!† (III, ii)] Hamlet is supposed to â€Å"Leave [mother] to Heaven† (I, v). Hamlet forgets this part of the plan as he erupts in a not so casual castigation, â€Å"You go not till I set you up a glass...And let me wring your heart† (III, iv) suggesting he’ll call her out on her actions himself. Hamlet also deviates from God’s plan when he doesn’t kill Claudius because he may send him to a place Hamlet thinks he does not deserve; Heaven. He waits to kill and says, â€Å"Then trip him, tha t his hells may kick at Heaven/And that his soul may be as damned and black/As Hell, whereto it goes† (III, iii). Hamlet shows us his flaws, how his plans of action are different from Gods, the differences humans have from God and in turn gives a small picture of what it is to be human.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conscience is used in the play Hamlet for many important reasons. It is used to bring justice and to reveal failures and shortcomings.

Fun Pack :: essays research papers

Fun Pack When run, Fun Pack 3-D will automatically detect what 3D hardware you have available and configure itself for optimum performance on your machine. Note that you MUST have the latest version of the drivers for your 3D card, or Fun Pack 3-D may fail to work properly. 3DFX drivers can be downloaded from http://www.3dfx.com/. Other Drivers can be downloaded from your 3-D card manufacturer. Note that versions of Windows 95 before OSR 2.1 do not properly support AGP, so you may not achieve optimum performance on an AGP Direct 3D card if you have an earlier version of Windows 95. If you have no 3D accelerator cards installed in your machine Fun Pack 3-D will default to software rendering. Once the game has initialized and selected its default graphics driver, you can change the graphics driver between what is available in your system from within the game. Main Menu: Select the game you wish to play using the previous and next buttons, or by clicking on the icon for your chosen game. Once your game is displayed click on the screen shot to begin playing. Chomper 3D: Keyboard arrows move Chomper around the maze. Number keys 1-5 switch camera views Escape key exits. Grab the power dots to make the monsters turn blue and Vulnerable to be Chomped Clear all the dots to advance to the next level. Missile Defense: Arrow Keys R and L to rotate the gun platform Use the Mouse to aim target reticule and click to fire. Escape Key exits. Shoot the incoming missiles and defend your cities. Survive the wave to advance to the next level. Super Brick-Breaker: Move Mouse to control paddle. Click and hold the mouse button to grab the ball(s) when powered up. Click the mouse button to activate bomb.

Enterprise Data Storage Essay

Data Storage is generally divided into two; one is customer storage, which only uses typical disk drives, flash drives or local hard disk in PC or in laptop. While Enterprise Data Storage is the mainly use for large enterprise storage for big industry or company. The data that is being stored in this centralize storage comes from a variety of source, it can either come from customer transactions, that can come from the different parts of the globe, it can also include local data storage for development purposes, like these storage can hold data samples for integration testing and Users Acceptance Testing by both the development team and the customers respectively. Enterprise Data Storage is much prevalent in huge data centers, where amount of data running around the clock and these data are carefully stored and even backup properly. Data in these call centers is the most important one, more than anything, like the transaction report that happen between the customers and the call center agent, which in every end of each transaction, it will be stored in central database, where another team will automatically gets the information based on certain business process of the system, to actually addressed the issue, and so on and so forth. So this means that data in call centers are interconnected to many groups and that is why not even a small downtime is acceptable in their operation. To better implement effective enterprise data storage, there are four important factors must be considered: (1) storage, (2) backup, (3) archiving and (4) disaster recovery. In storage, this means that there should be enough storage capacity for all the transaction needed to run for all the entire systems and with ideal buffer systems in case there will be immediate need for additional space, next one is backup, it is already a common to all industries whether it is running in one server or in enterprise large type, backup plays a vital role in enterprise data storage, it does not only mean that regularly, based on scheduled task by the infrastructure team that the system will automatically backup it every 12MN of every day, but most importantly the importance of backup is to provide confidence to the company that data and information can be rolled back anytime if needed. Archiving is somehow, is something important for keeping both historical information, actually archiving does not work like as backup, archiving only happens in a certain period agreed by the management, and at this point not everything is being archived only those of high risk informat ion are being archived. Lastly, Disaster Recovery, these is also one of the most important use of enterprise data storage, that is to give confidence to the management and the whole company itself, that the company can still perform and no expectation of stop operation will happen, if problems encountered in the systems used by the company or faced with some unexpected events like fire, earthquakes, etc. (Enterprise Data Storage, n. d. ). Data Storage Industry and where it is going Data Storage Industries have earlier predicted that there are five most important information management and data storage trends for 2006. The first one was compliance; compliance talks more on the process side on how technically and procedurally things should be done, in order to avoid misbehavior of the company systems. It also provides a better deal of quality and reliability for the system to work better, since there are already set guidelines, and these guidelines where set after a series of study made and those where also the important input to the compliancy requirements of each processes, that is why if everything will just be followed according to plan, there should be no problem. Secondly, is Security, you can say it can be both physical and data security, for physical security these are the tangible component of your data systems, from the smallest valued mouse or keyboard up to the most critical enterprise servers that you keep in the company, which is important to secure these physical component of your company systems. Data security is still one of the most prevalent problems nowadays, with network access given to everyone, which definitely needs anyway in performing their job, there will still be problems about data security, the only way to combat this problem is to have a constant monitoring daily, actually if possible there should be either systems that will monitor this problems like firewalls, data encryption systems, and even tailored made mapping system fro each users or teams must be strictly be applied. Third, is Integrated backup, here it is simply better backup procedure and archival must be well implemented, like better naming convention and other systematic practices must be applied, Fourth is Virtualization, which also one of the top priority in 2006, this actually means the implementation of state of the art network system that will provide a smooth and faster networking from all the different locations where the company is operating, factors like bandwidth, virtual memory and transfer rate of speed, which is vital in transferring data within the network. Lastly is ECM or Enterprise Content Management, which continues to be one of the biggest challenge to all industry or company, because here we are actually looking at the importance of documentation and keeping it within the company systems, from the simplest how the different systems works, customer manual and up to company policies and procedures that in order to have a better grip of their job, these should be well stored in central repository and from there anyone can easily gets it through the network. (Top Five Information Management & Storage Trends for 2006, n. d. ). Actually, Enterprise data storage industries are continually giving big impact for the company, with the growing demand for data storage, most especially at this point we are now working globally like the existence of call centers worldwide, and that makes enterprise data storage becomes vital. Because in Data Centers, we are not only talking about one server but multiple servers running around the globe, which you can see, setup is like per country, but if you have purchased a enterprise data storage server that are really huge, the implementation can be by geographical zone, like one for Asia Pac, North America, Europe, etc. Lynx Technologies is one of the well known companies that specialize in enterprise data storage products, includes backup/recovery and business continuity implementation which is important for compliancy of the company. The main focus of the company is combining effective networking infrastructure and enterprise data storage solutions. From data storage hardware requirement, data storage management software, secure data storage. Some of the main data storage, for its disaster recovery includes on-line backup and data backup software. And lastly for its compliance service it includes HIPAA/ Sox Data Security. Limitation of local data center that only safe keeps the data storage that runs in the local network, the trend that was being look on to and continue to be a strong importance in the future is more on not only Total data Storage Backup but also must include and prepare to have the recovery solutions, which uses Enterprise Level Onsite Data Storage, and Remote Offsite Data Storage Solutions. Remote or Offsite data storage is one of the best service for data storage by enterprises that works very often outside their company network, and since you are detached and you need to be connected to your company network, this product provides you immediate access and with that, because of the speed of transfer on your data, it can provide your customer and yourself better appreciation on the system. It is also a very cost effective solution for all business partners, staffs and other stakeholders because they can easily work even not connected to their local company network. And with the big capacity and networking efficiency of this solution, which is the most critical part of the business at this time. In the future, what the industry looks onto is more on convenience and accessibility is being look onto, where people can work at home and students can attend to open university, and with that they only need to securely connect online through wireless connection and from there they can easily get a grip of the information needed. Upon using online data storage or remote data storage, it will not just easily be implemented right away because there should be compliance check on this before it will be implemented. The compliance is being conducted by HIPPA or Sarbanes Oxley. The following major impact to the industry is reliable and immediate availability to data and information in different strategic location, as well as easy deployment of application for the target customer. (Enterprise Level Onsite (Online) Data Storage, & Remote Offsite Data Storage Solutions, n. d. ). HP also has provided a good support on the future requirement of enterprise data storage. HP it is the primary storage or data deduplication will be the future of most industry. Active research and study for these technology movers in the future of data storage is being conducted at the company, and this will be the common data storage trend for all data storage industry in 2009-2010. Alongside with it there will also be encryption process that would separately take place, which will also be the part of the feature for data storage on the future. Another HP prediction is the integration of its high end applications with data storage, meaning putting their application on a high scale level. Specific integration like in search engines for faster processing. And since data warehousing is also gaining popularity and great acceptance by most companies at the present the need for scalable data storage will also be an immediate need, because having to implement that would make presentation and downloading of reports in a front end-system like with that of using portal technology will be faster and easy. Since the creation of application, development of databases and managing business intelligence tool and datawarehosuing will be in one very powerful enterprise data storage also includes the effective implementation of networking infrastructure, you can say that customers will no longer ask for more and sure enough satisfaction rating will really be high. (Pariseau, Beth, 2007). Next is CISCO, and this time, it will be how the look of a large call centers see how enterprise data storage works. Data Centers for Call Centers have greatly impacted the change in the industry not only storage requirements, which obviously increasing, but almost every factors in Information Technology it is impacted a lot. Actually there are two important aspects, Technology applied, and Data Centers Storage and Servers. To start with, Technology applied, for CISCO as one of the most well known and trusted name in their field, the implementation of VOIP, which makes it very effective and convenient in combining data and voice in one cable. One of its products SRST or Survival Remote Site Telephony which is used to protect the voice in case of server network failure. Data Centers Storage and Servers, in a typical data center, it is actually almost different types of server and data storage running for a typical call center that runs global support. For SAN or Storage Area Network, Most of the well trusted storage used is EMC and HP. The data center has production servers, where all application is installed for the customer to use and access. It also connects to hundreds of host to their data storage server. Which means that, many applications on the web or in client server applications that are being hosted by the enterprise data storage server and with that the enterprise data storage server hold critical data which all of the application gets and stored or even backup. The SAN is made up of CISCO’s MDS multi layer switches. SAN has greatly improve and utilize the storage resource. And, since it is used for large data centers, with multiple servers, it hold 2 Petabytes or a huge 2 quadrillion bytes of data, which even the numbers are hard to count. With this capacity you can say that it is a good example and direction for all enterprise data storage industries should be. Another one is the Tape Backup Storage, this is used for backup of important and necessary records or data. It’s primary purpose if to be on standby backup. This is actually designed to support the critical systems, that whenever there will be problem in the main site, this will be placed as the data storage to be used. (Data Center Storage and Servers, 2004).

How does Alan Bennett make the audience feel empathy for Doris in A cream Cracker under the Settee?

A cream cracker under the settee is a dramatic monologue written by Alan Bennett in 1987 for television, as part of his Talking Heads series for the BBC. Doris is in her seventies. This hints at her being old and vulnerable in need of care and assistance. Moreover, she outlines that she does not â€Å"attempt to dust†, this is maybe because she is physically unable or consumed by her thoughts. Zulema says that her â€Å"dustings days are over†. This makes you feel sorry for Doris and deeply empathise with her. She may have a fear of dirt – rupophobia or she may just be an exceptionally sanitary person. Furthermore, Zulema exploits Doris' old age and feelings by saying she â€Å"doesn't have the sense she was born with†, this maybe true but it is inconsiderate towards Doris' feelings. Then again, Zulema does have the right to speak her mind, as she has to put up with Doris's nagging all week. Doris is never satisfied with Zulema's housekeeping saying, â€Å"Zulema doesn't dust, she half-dusts† This emphasises Doris obsession with cleanliness, maybe suggesting that she has OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder). Alternatively, maybe occupying her mind with such things helps her forget the melancholy she feels deep within. However, as we progress through the monologue we learn that Zulema in fact intimidates Doris. Ultimately, making Zulema the more dominating character. She does not hesitate in telling Doris â€Å"I am the only person that stands between you and Stafford House.† In spite of this, Doris is adamant that she will not lose her independence and is sure that she will remain in her own home. Another good example of this is when â€Å"she shoves the duster down the side of the chair†. We can only assume that Doris does this to avoid a lecture or confrontation with Zulema, preventing further distress. Again, we feel empathy for Doris as important issues such as treatment of the aged, growing old and life choices are brought to our attention. Therefore, we can conclude that she sometimes feels unhappy and unsettled in her own home. In the midst of all this, the fact remains Doris is suffering from a â€Å"numby† leg. Alan Bennett deliberately places talk about her leg between pauses so that the audience has time to focus on and consider Doris's current situation and therefore feel a great deal of compassion for her. These strategic pauses are used constantly throughout the monologue, giving us plenty to sympathise with. Throughout the monologue, the ending of each scene is indication by the simple stage direction â€Å"Go to black†. This maybe connotes a temporal shift or the passing of time. Moreover, before each scene fades to black, Alan Bennett gives the audience something to ponder over and keep in the back of their heads. For the whole of the monologue, Doris speaks to us directly. This enhances her vulnerability, yet she maybe biased, as we only know her point of view and nobody else's. This leads us to believe that Doris thinks everything revolves around her and she may come across as self-centred or self-obsessed. Then again, we feel great sympathy for Doris as she is isolated, cut off from reality, and maybe unwanted by a society, which considers her as an outsider. The setting changes throughout the monologue, as Doris travels to various parts of her home, nevertheless she remains in the same location. This connotes a very static nature, suggesting that Doris hardly ever goes out and mostly stays in the same room. According to her, â€Å"I never get a bona fide caller†, this tells us the only visitor she probably has is Zulema. We feel great empathy for Doris because she is lonely, lacking a faithful companion. Furthermore, the moving from the comfy position of her settee possibly indicates the movement from a secure and comfy position in life to her current situation. Still, this isolated place is her comfort zone, perhaps signifying that she is more likely to tell the truth as she is under no pressure and can speak of her own free will. Subsequently, she does in fact unravel the truth about various stages in her life. Another clever device Alan Bennett uses to make the audience feel empathy for Doris is humour and Doris certainly has a sense of humour, we realise this when she says, â€Å"Love God and close all gates.† The audience finds it easier to empathise with her because they can laugh with her and not at her. Her dry, sarcastic humour is a hit with audience off all ages. As Doris discusses her husband Wilfred, she talks about him â€Å"getting mad ideas†, stating how absurd they were and how he â€Å"never got round to it†. Yet, according to her, â€Å"A kiddy'd've solved all that†. This makes us wonder why Doris does not have a child and whether she has any family at all. We suddenly feel a great deal of compassion for her because her only family, Wilfred, has passed away. Later on, we discover that she did have a baby, which also passed away. â€Å"If it had lived I might have had grandchildren now,† she explains. Our degree of sympathy for Doris expands to greater lengths. Death is certainly one of Alan Bennett says of gaining empathy for his characters. Further on in the monologue we discover that Doris and Wilfred were not very outgoing people. Doris plainly explains, â€Å"We weren't the gregarious type.† This implies that even when Wilfred was alive, Doris was a secluded, reserved individual. Then she refers to Wilfred, â€Å"he thought he was, but he wasn't†. This gives us the impression that Wilfred could have been a sociable person except Doris stood in his way as she essentially controlled their relationship. We feel empathy for both characters here since they never really experienced anything amazing in their lives; except for grief and now for Doris, loneliness. This could all change though if Doris decided upon leaving home and moving to Stafford House but apparently â€Å"You go daft there, there's nowhere else for you to go but daft† according to Doris. Perhaps Doris is against the idea of leaving home because all her memories of Wilfred will remain there or she might just feel afraid and unprepared to face the real world on her own at a late stage in her life. Towards the end of the monologue, Doris hears the voice of a police officer, enquiring as to why her home lights are off. Instead of asking for his help, she lets him leave. It is assumed by the audience that Doris later dies, because she feels the time is right. Also as the conclusions to Bennett's plays are usually miserable. Her last words are â€Å"Never mind. It's done with now, anyway.† Then the â€Å"LIGHT FADES†, a sense of desperation and sadness fill the readers heart and mind, no greater empathy can possibly be felt for Doris at this stage. This dramatic and powerful text leaves the audience wondering, hoping. This is without doubt Alan Bennett's cleverest writing technique!

Sustainability marketung

This report analyses SPINE, an online Korean company specializing in quality mobile phone accessories and its plan to enter the sustainability market. The report further analyses the company's mission statement that will set the course for sustainable development. It is recommended that SPINE adopts a sustainable strategy and launch new line of CEO-friendly products that is a variant of three of Spine's best-selling phone cases, â€Å"Neo Hybrid†, â€Å"Slim Armor† and â€Å"Tough Armor†. These new phone cases will be made out of 100% recycled materials.This report will further evaluate the marketing mix strategies involved in implementing sustainable development such as the target market, product, price, promotion and distribution. The report finds that with the company shifting towards a CARS policy, the new sustainable product line will now be targeted at technology savvy Gene X and Gene Y consumer age between 22 to 45 seeking green alternatives as well introd ucing green alternative to already existing customers. The company is to adopt a differentiation strategy to challenge the current market leader head on in this fairly new market.Pricing will continue to be at a premium but a proportion of profit earnings (20%) will be contributed to WFM for funding sustainable campaigns. Distribution strategy will adopt the use of reverse logistic to recycle overstocking of inventory so that raw materials can be reused for future products. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MARKET BACKGROUND The mobile phones market has received substantial growth in the past years due to the technological advancement as well as the introduction of smart phones becoming an essential part of a person's life in today's digitally connected lifestyle.Along with he progressive growth in smart phone sales around the globe, the market for mobile phone accessories has also received a direct boost in growth. Primarily driven by the uprising sales in smart phones, the market for mobile p hone accessories is projected to reach $ASS 84. 6 billion by the year 2018. This growth is akin to the fact that currently there are over 5. 9 billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide against the world population of 7. Billion people, mirroring a penetration rate of over 80% (Global Industry Analysts, 2012). On top of adding protection to your phone, mobile hone accessories also provide additional customizable and personalization for the user and this creates opportunities for accessories focused on aesthetic. COMPANY BACKGROUND Launched in 2004, SPINE is an online South Korean company specializing in the design of various mobile accessories such as screen protectors, cases, and utility bags for a variety of phones, tablets, and laptop.The company offer products of quality and innovation at a premium price range and is targeted towards the high end consumer market. Some of its notable products include the GLASS series range of . Mm thick tempered glass screen protectors manufactur ed at different shapes and sizes to fit popular smart phone models and also a line-up of high quality polycarbonate phone casings and frames that are light in weight and shock absorbent.In reaction to global awareness, SPINE has realized the need to cater its products to the shift in consumers' mindset towards green products. This means to re-establish the current goals and commitment of the company and also to create a new product line to pander towards a new market segment. The objective is to increase the rand's product reach and also employ ethical and green policy that will bring a positive image to the brand as a company who supports in the sustainability of the world.AIM This report aims to establish a good sustainable strategy that will aid SPINE in the launch of a new product range of mobile accessories that will be 100% environmentally friendly. This will redefine SPINE as sustainable company that will set itself apart from its competitors as well as enrage new customers t o the brand through its appeal towards environmental sustainability. This report will state the recommendations for change required to proceed with the munch of this new product such as altering and creating new marketing mix strategies for SPINE to appeal to a new audience.This includes defining a new target market, as well as implementing a suitable product, pricing, and promotion and distribution strategies for the new product line. 2 MISSION STATEMENT In the past, companies were narrowly concern the quantity of production and manufactures only expanded supply and lower cost which burden a huge impact on environment. Nowadays, mass production expanding led to overcapacity in various markets as supply exceeds demand.The sustainable marketing focuses on the target roof of green consumers who would be willing to pay premium prices for more environmentally friendly products. (Frank-Martin Bell and Ken Appetite 2009, pap) SPINE ignited the design of mobile phone markets revolution in the sass with the mobile phone accessories. Today, SPINE continue to lead the industry in innovation with its mobile phone accessories into sustainable market in order to paying more attention for responsibility to society, and ethical concerns about the social and environmental impacts. RECOMMENDATION FOR CHANGE In order to create sustainable development, SPINE will need to look into the economic, environmental and social factors that will contribute to this change. As Creating sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (The Borderland report ‘Our Common Future' 1987), it is crucial for the company to not only look into environmental friendly alternatives but also to support the society through social responsibility such as equality, poverty etc. ND at the same time generating a sustainable profit for economic growth. For this to happen, it is recommended that SPINE adopts a sustainabl e development tragedy by promoting a new product line that will increase public awareness towards Spine's decision in adopting a Corporate Social Responsibility CARS policy. This will be accomplished by reinventing three of its most popular product range, namely â€Å"Neo Hybrid†, â€Å"Slim Armor† and â€Å"Tough Armor† and creating new CEO- friendly variants for the respective product.The new product line will continue to be consistent in quality, functionality as well as technical features of the current existing product line but will also be environmentally sustainable through the use of 100% recycled materials. For example, the Neo-hybrid phone casing CEO variant will continue to provide protection, shock absorption and customization through interchangeable frames and will also be made from 100% recycled parts. The new product line will be marketed towards environmentally aware consumers; it will also reach out to new users within the market to expand total demand.The introduction of new sustainable products will act as a stepping stone for Spine's to convert more of its existing products into green products in the future and to fully incorporate sustainable development in all of its product range. In addition to helping the environment, SPINE has paired up with World Wide Fund for Nature (WFM) to engage in humanitarian activities through contribution of 20% of their product's earning in funding charity campaign.Economically, with the cost in research and development as well as the cost of outsourcing recycled materials from various suppliers, SPINE will need to set a maximum cost of goods sold COGS no higher than 30% of mark-up to be able to generate a healthy profit in order to sustain the business. By satisfying the all three elements in creating a balanced sustainable development Truckee, SPINE will create a strong foundation in the shift towards a sustainable solution. MARKETING OBJECTIVES While Spine's primary marketing goal is to offer products for the mobile phone and gadgets not only from being scratched or impacted but also, as there are potentially a sizeable market for more sustainable products, shifting our marketing focus towards targeting on green market have been identified as a great opportunity. Presently, Spine's aimed at people between the ages of 22-45 who are searching for functional and sustainable protection covers.If SPINE can put forward an agenda uh for seeking the environmental, safe and recycle products would enable SPINE to start enhancing its positive image as an CEO-friendly company. The following are important objectives for Spine's green product range. INCREASE MARKET SHARE Conventionally, marketing performance is only concern about economic and growth- oriented issues, managers are not aware of considering in sustainability objectives. Presently, marketing objectives have to be provided by green materials. Frank-Martin Bell and Ken Appetite, 2009) SPINE should increase market s hare in era of sustainability from 0% into 10%. RAISE PUBLIC & CUSTOMER SATISFACTION To connect with consumers by taking advantage of social media could increase more public awareness, faith, loyalty, and by creating higher customer popularity results for making high level of benefits. There are more modern communication tools in today's society. For example, Faceable is the most popular tools with over 300 million users; SPINE should follow closely with the development of modern communication channels.Social media is the vital tools being used for communicating which provide the fast-paced information from global online channels, making consumers get more acknowledge with the brands. The Faceable online page posts photos, activities, innovations of new products and customer comments. The customers of SPINE on the Faceable can post their individual products photos, information, and impressions in order to let the company to acknowledge immediately.SPINE can then reply to the comment s and provide more advices about the products, making the communication more effectively and increase customers' satisfaction about the products. Specializing on social media will allow SPINE enhance brand awareness and gain more satisfactions from customers. REDUCE THE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT ON HEALTH Researches have shown that mobile phone accessories that are made from mass- production plants using cheap materials in the manufacturing process can generate CHIC, a hazardous gas in which if it reaches the point at 0. OMG/mm are very harmful to the human body and also to the environment. Spine's production plants are closely monitored to ensure all materials are quality controlled and that all emission levels are kept at or below industry levels. All of the recycled materials in production process goes through the same monitoring and control to ensure all the mobile hone covers and gadgets match the highest safety standards not only to keep customer more safe and healthy, but als o to reduce our carbon footprint on the environment. MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES Camphor & Bandage, (2005) mentions in the Journal â€Å"Green Marketing Philosophy' that if marketing philosophy is a process of which the firm conceives the consumer into an exchange relationship whereby the firm offers a product to the market, which is driven by the desires of the consumer and aims to fulfill that desire in the most beneficial way for the entity or company.Then green marketing philosophy can be scribed as the exchange relationship that goes beyond the current needs of the consumers in terms of addressing the social interests in the conservation and protection of the natural environment at the same time. From a green marketer's perspective, as Fuller (1999) describes, a ‘new competitive game' is at play as there are three parties that are involved in the exchange relationship: the company, the consumer and the environment.Green marketing goes beyond the commercial exchange of fulfi lling a desire of the consumer, it is a way of understanding the company's relationship with society in general. With that in mind, green marketing an be found within the approach of social marketing (Kettle, 1995), it is a way of understanding the exchange relationship by planning, implementing and controlling a policy for product, price, promotion and distribution that at the same time fulfill customer needs and the objectives of the company while reducing any current or potential negative effects to the natural environment.TARGET MARKETS The previous target market for SPINE products are technology sax. N. Y Gene X and Gene Y consumers between the ages of 18-45. Primarily enthusiasts for electronic gadgets such as smart phones, tablets and laptops. These consumers seeks for accessories that can not only protects their favorite gadgets, but also be able to do it in a way that allows them to express who they are from Spine's variety of products that offers form, functionality and pr otection through innovative designs and materials.As the company re-defines itself through the launch of a new product range of 100% environmental friendly mobile accessories that are made from recyclable materials. The new target market is now aimed at people between the ages of 22-45, who are seeking for greener alternatives to accessories their gadgets without sacrificing quality and functionality. Consumers in their early ass's start to get more influence from the importance of green sustainable products, also the income level is another factor of consideration as people get older, their disposable income are likely to increase along with the level of green-awareness.SPINE'S green-product range consumers represent a demographic group of well-educated successful young adults, single or married with an annual household income range of ADD $40,000 – $100,000 or more. They are particular about their taste in styling and self-image aware, trendy and strives for high-quality in novative and sustainable products on the racket. PRODUCT STRATEGIES With over ten years in the industry, SPINE has established a solid reputation through its design and innovation. The success of SPINE is a direct result of the fast-growing smartened and tablet users around the globe (SPINE, 2014).With this in mind, SPINE have discovered that there are enormous market opportunities for green-sustainable gadget accessories as there are currently very few numbers of competitors in this segment, for example:, Case-mate, Groveled, Minimize and Ore that produces phone cases and accessories from part to 100% recycled materials, wood and bamboo. SPINE aims to challenge the market leaders by differentiation and with plans to become the market leader of this segment. In order for the company to differentiate from other competitors, it aims to use 100% recycled materials in the production of our green product range.The recycled materials will come from industry and household wastes as well as recycling old mobile phones, phone cases and other electronic devices. The green range products will not substitute quality, functionality or appeal for using recycled materials, in fact, all of our green products are able to keep all of the original features so our customers can est. assure that they are getting high quality products while contribute to our mission to raise awareness and the importance for using sustainable phone and gadget accessories.SPINE will also donate 20% of profits from its green range to WFM and other organizations for research and conservation purposes. PRICING STRATEGIES The prices of our green sustainable product range are set accordingly with the competition in mind, also to cover the initial research and development costs as well as on-going costs associated with recycled materials. The company does not aim to hare a high premium over the green label, nor does it attempt to lower the price in order to sell high quantities of products.It is set at a p rice where consumers feel that it is reasonable and will be comfortable of purchasing knowing that a large portion of the profits will be used for a better cause such as further research for more sustainable products and in forms of donations to conservation organizations such as the WFM. PROMOTION STRATEGIES SPINE currently has 7 sub divisions apart from the Korean headquarters in different countries around the world which are USA, Japan, Hong Kong, I-J, Turkey, China andTaiwan. Each of the divisions has its own authorized retailers and resellers. These divisions are responsible to interact and provide information with the consumers, retailers and resellers whenever it launches a new product through various methods such as direct mail, face to face, e-mail and through social media sites such as Faceable and twitter. All of Spine's product range can be found on the division countries respective websites (SPINE, 2014).Promotional activities will take place before the launch of the gr een product ranges to establish awareness for sellers and errs to grasp an idea of what is to be released and how it is differentiated from the competitor's products, training programs will be conducted by trained staff assigned from Korean, American and Japanese headquarters to prepare each division's in-line managers and sales personals to be able to pass on to consumers and individual retailers on the features of the new sustainable products.After launch promotions will include forms of discounts, a further 5% discount for customers who trade-in an old phone case when they purchase a product from the green range at participating detail stores. These promotional activities will be carried out through methods mentioned above.As SPINE depend heavily on online sales through its own websites as well as liaising with Amazon and eBay, online promotional activities through these websites, e-mail and social media are vital to keep up to date with the company's goals and visions while cons tantly seek better ways of improving existing products to shift into the new green sustainable future of phone and gadget accessories. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES Currently, SPINE adopts direct marketing channels through online sales from its official weeping and also through third party online distributors such as eBay and Amazon.When adopting a sustainable distribution strategy, the company will look at providing biodegradable and recyclable packaging that enables overall volume reduction when transporting to serve the goal of sustainability. Materials used in the packaging will be in the form of lightweight recycled cardboard boxes that provides good protection but maintain flexibility when it comes to transport efficiency. Information and communication technology is also key to Spine's sustainable striation as under overstock can be counter intuitive in reaching the goal of creating a sustainable framework.As SPINE uses short distribution chains (products are shipped directly from t heir warehouse to the customer's doorsteps) good coordination can increase efficiency, but it should be noted that outsourcing suppliers for recycled materials should be monitored and well communicated to avoid over or under stock in inventory. To counter this, reverse logistics will be implemented to recycle unsold goods so that materials can be reused for future products instead of scraping all unwanted inventory. In conclusion, Spine's move to a more sustainable direction will set itself in a positive motion.

The Purple Rose of Cairo

Film has captured and enchanted audiences since its origination with the Lumiere Brothers; and, as it developed, it began to be used to convey messages and ideas. Film started to become a creative outlet that then turned to a catalyst of philosophical thought. Film theorist Sergei Einstein expressed that film â€Å"as a work of art, understood dynamically, is just the process of arranging images in the feelings and mind of the spectator†.Thus, directors began to realize that audience manipulation was possible through the images and sounds they delivered, as well as through the way these images and sounds were presented– it all has an effect of how viewers thought of and interpreted the films. This is especially clear in the German film, Triumph of Will, directed by Leni Reifenstahl. While the film is brilliantly made, with moving cameras, the utilization of long focus lenses, aerial photography, and a revolutionary approach to musical accompaniment, the film was also in credibly propagandistic and manipulative at the time of it’s release.The entire film is a vehicle to promote the ideologies of Hitler; beginning with Germany’s near-destruction in World War I and depicting Hitler as a messiah, descending from the skies to greet his vehement followers. In the opening minutes of the film, there are close-up and over-the-shoulder shots of Hitler, making him seem rather personable, adored, and somewhat noble. There are also shots of children approaching him, showing that the ideas of innocence and purity are to be seen as parallel to the views and goals Hitler himself.Aesthetically, the entire film is superbly done, and politically its manipulative powers are astonishing. By showing Germany as unified under the divine rule of Hitler, it brought the nation together and created one of the most destructive and powerful nations in the 1940s. While film can be used as propaganda, like in Nazi Germany, it can also be used to provoke thought, rat her than control it, manipulate it, or deceive it. In Woody Allen’s film The Purple Rose of Cairo, the audience is pushed to move beyond the appearance of things and consider other worlds, other perspectives.For the heroine, Cecilia, film is an escape and an impossible inspiration. According to the fictitious movie (The Purple Rose of Cairo), the purple rose itself is supposed to grow in a pharaoh’s tomb– the expression of a perfect love. However, no flower can grow without light making it an impossible inspiration. According to Plato, and to partially to Allen, our relationship with truth is rather grim. When we attend movies we are much like Plato’s captives, chained facing a cave wall, only seeing a world of shadows– our reality is suspended.But another point is made; although we can be deceived by shadows, we are also capable of understanding and questioning anything, shadows included. Yes, film is an escape from reality and the idea of being a ble to truly escape a somewhat horrid life is unimaginably wonderful, but thats just it– it is an idea. Change has to be brought on by oneself, not an unreliable outside source, and perfection is an illusion. I as a viewer absolutely love how Allen presents these ideologies in The Purple Rose of Cairo.He gives it an unconventional point of view, setting up a series of contrasts between perfection and imperfection, reality and illusion, loving someone and being in love with someone, that forces us to think about film as well as the actual content of the film. And this all ties back to Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†; our life is veiled and we must aspire to leave and become less dependent on the shadow world. What is interesting is that, in the film, Allen makes the audience unsure of which world is the shadow world and which is the illusion.The perfect world becomes the film world and the false one is the desired reality. As entertainment, the film is greatà ¢â‚¬â€œ a nonsensical romantic comedy with a less-than-happy ending; but philosophically it goes much deeper than that, provoking audiences to think about reality and the importance of imperfection. While on the subject of imperfection, a third film demands some attention. Alejandro Amenabar’s The Sea Inside presents a whole new perspective on what perfection in life is. Many people see suicide as a selfish act– removing yourself from the lives of your loved ones far earlier than they would have liked.However, the question of who is more selfish is posed. Is it the people who remove themselves when they feel no more connection to life; or the people who expect those who want to leave to stay, regardless of their misery or feelings of lacking true connection to the vibrancy of life? Thus are the questions presented to audiences upon viewing this film. In my mind, everyone should have the freedom to choose the life they want to live, or not live; and to choose what meani ng they take out of said life. In Clendine’s â€Å"The Good Short Life†, it is said that we speak of living life, but never of death.That â€Å"we act as if facing death weren’t one of life’s greatest, most absorbing thrills and challenges† and that being incoherent and immobile until one only sees friends and family as â€Å"a passing cloud†. Both Clendine and Ramon didn’t want to put their loved ones through that, and taking one’s life seemed to be the best solution. Both were â€Å"vital to the end, and knew when to leave†. In my opinion, if someone has legitimate, justifiable reasons to want to leave this earth (such as a degenerative disease), that they have a right to do so.And if they cannot on their own accord due to that degenerative disease, I think that others (physicians, family members, friends) should be legally permitted to assist them. They shouldn’t be obligated to assist, but if they give consent and are willing to aid, I think they should be permitted. Mark from Breathing Lessons and Ramon were also similar on a few levels, but Mark had more hope and determination to live with dignity. Unlike Ramon who saw his life as undignified, Mark viewed it more as excessively challenging. Mark still desired life– though considered suicide, but â€Å"chickened out†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ showing that he did truly still want to live.Ramon, however, was lost in his melancholy and nostalgia for the past, choosing to disregard the possibilities the future could bring. I think that it is a personal choice and that each individual should be given the liberty of making that choice. The phrase â€Å"dying with dignity† always reminds me of greek mythology when humiliated warriors would throw themselves on their swords for an honorable death, rather than live life in humility. I think Ramon saw his life as more humiliating and therefore wanted to throw himself on his sword, so to speak.W ith this, I think that the US should have a â€Å"death with dignity† law. Everyone has a right to life, as well as a right to death. Film is one of the most influential and powerful media. It’s capabilities to provoke, cultivate, and manipulate audience thought is incredible and worth studying. The innovations that film itself has gone through– the amount of genres it contains, special effects, and advancements in sound– all contribute to film as a whole, and all contribute to the beauty of how film is created and suspends the reality of viewers if only for an hour or two.